Actually, the Masters Cup was played on hard and carpet on and off but yes, it was last played on carpet in 2005 but starting from 1996, it was mostly played on hard surface.
As to Sampras and Becker - they met on carpet 13 times. It’s 7-6 In Becker’s favour. But 5-4 in Pete’s favour since 1993 Pete’s peak years. 15 titles on carpet for Sampras out of 64 titles and that's 23% so that's pretty good.
As to Rudeski, Sampras is 9-1 in overall H2H but on carpet it’s 1 all, hardly a sample size to measure if Rusedksi’ big hitting was an obstacle factor for Sampras. And it was the notorious Paris event and that’s Rusedski’s only masters in his entire career. Even Ferrer won it to make a point.
Federer has only 2 titles on carpet but of course the surface started disappearing since the early 00s. Only the Challenger events may have a couple of indoor carpet here and there these days and I am not even sure about that. All the varieties and styles of play are all gone.